15-12-2008 砂拉越文化村的表演艺人（比达尤族 Bidayuh）

Bidayuh 族，也称为陆达雅人（Land Dayaks），以下是英文简介。

Also referred to as the Land Dayaks, the Bidayuhs in Sarawak is mostly found in the Kuching and Samarahan division. They particularly reside in Lundu, Bau, Penrissen, Padawan, and Serian.

The Bidayuhs consists of many groups and sub-groups, with the main groups consisting of the Bukar-Sadung of Serian District, Bau-Jagoi of Bau District and Salako-Lara of Lundu District.
These different groups speak multiple of dialects, which further distinguishes between the different sub-groups that exist. It is believed that the Bidayuhs were the first people to settle in Sarawak.

In the past, the Bidayuhs have been known to work the land, shifting their agricultural and hunting bases every so often, in areas surrounding their permanent villages. Their gentleness and simplicity in the life of the Bidayuhs endears them to everyone they meet!

Known for their hospitality and warm smiles, they are mostly found in the Kuching and Semarahan Divisions.

15-12-2008 砂拉越文化村的表演艺人（Melanau 马兰瑙族）

The Melanaus, believed by many to be the oldest settlers in Sarawak, make up about nearly 6% of Sarawak’s total population and are geographically concentrated in the central coastal region, between the Rajang and Baram rivers.

A majority of them are either Christians or Muslims. In their heartland of Mukah, better known as the 'Cradle of Melanau civilisation', the Melanaus have abandoned living in their traditional tall houses and now favour coastal kampung-style villages, having adopted a Malay lifestyle.

The Melanaus were once seafaring people and were known to be sago farmers as well as adept boat builders and fishermen. Although the Melanaus speak their own dialect, the language is not too far different from that spoken by the Sarawakian Malays. The Melanau people are well known for their massive longhouses, some of which can reach up to 40 feet high.

These diverse people, related by their use of dialects of the same language group. Majority of them are Muslims but some are Christian or practice their traditional religion. The Melanaus used to practice a custom of flattening the head by applying a wooden device to the forehead of infants.

15-12-2008 砂拉越文化村的表演艺人（伊班族 Iban）

伊班族（Iban）也就是以前大家所认识的海达雅族（Sea Dayaks），占砂拉越总人口的30%，喜欢大伙一齐居住在沿着河岸的长屋里（Long House）。

早期他们的男性也是英勇的猎人头战士（Headhunters），但目前只猎其它动物而已。

The largest ethnic group in Sarawak, the Iban makes up about 30% of the population. In the past, the Iban were infamous as headhunters and fierce warriors. The Ibans have been known to be pirates and as such, they are often referred to as the Sea Dayaks.

The Ibans traditional settlements are located in the river valleys of Batang Ai, the Skrang River, Saribas, and the Rajang River. The Ibans are well known for their intricately-built longhouses normally located near a river, which are made up of a longhouse that are compartmentalised into individual units. These longhouses may have anywhere between six to nearly a hundred units! Longhouses located in newly opened areas are typically made of bamboo and tree bark, but more established and prosperous longhouses can be made of precious and long-lasting hardwoods.

Primarily a communal group, the Ibans community practices their own brand of democracy, with the elders having an important role in major decisions. The decisions affect the entire community and a tuai or headman who is appointed by the entire community heads each longhouse.

Today, the Ibans are known to be a hospitable and friendly people. Nowadays many Ibans grow cash crops such as pepper, rubber, cocoa and oil palm, as well as hill rice. Many others live in Sarawak's town and cities, but maintain strong ties to their ancestral longhouses.

伊班族表演的Ngajat （牙擦）舞，果然有点“牙牙擦擦” 。

15-12-2008 砂拉越文化村的表演艺人（乌鲁人 Orang Ulu）

Orang Ulu is a term generally used to refer to the multitude of tribes living upriver in the interior regions of Sarawak. Among others, the Orang Ulu includes the major Kayan (15,000) and Kenyah tribes, the Kajang, Kejaman, Punan, Ukit, and Penan (10,000) tribes, and recently, the tribes of Lun Bawang, Lun Dayeh and Berawan and Kelabits highlanders (3,000). Collectively these different tribes make up about 5.5% of Sarawak’s population.

Kayan 族
The Kayan tribe, who build their longhouses in the northern interiors of Sarawak midway on the Baram River, the upper Rejang River and the lower Tubau River, were traditionally headhunters. They are well known for their boat-making skills, which they carve from a single block of belian, the strongest of the tropical hardwoods. A close neighbour of the Kayans is the Kenyah tribe who live in Long San, along the Baram River.

Kenyah 族
The Kenyah culture is similar to that of their neighbours, the Kayans, and both tribes are believed to have come from the Kayan River valley in eastern Borneo. The Kenyah and Kayans are primarily farmers, cultivating rice in cleared forest areas. Typically, a Kenyah village is made of just a single longhouse. A common aspect of the Kayan and Kenyah tribes is the singing the parap, a folklore song relating expressions of love, happiness, loneliness and anger while singing praises for the beauty of nature and all living things.

Kelabit 族
Residents of the mysterious, cloud-covered highlands of Sarawak are the Kelabits. Making their home in Bario, the Kelabits is a tight-knit community that practices the traditional form of agriculture. Mainly rice farmers; the Bario Highland rice is a famous product of the Kelabits. In recent years, the Kelabits have also cultivated various temperate-climate fruits including apples and grapes. The Kelabits are predominantly Christians and they celebrate Christmas day.

Penan 族
The last truly nomadic people of Sarawak, the Penan are hunter-gatherers who roam the deep interiors of Sarawak’s jungles, and are spread out among the hilly regions of Sarawak, and neighbouring Brunei and Kalimantan.
Using basic, traditional hunting tools such as the blow-pipe and woven rattan baskets, the Penans hunt for wild boars, deers and other forest game. Largely animistic, the Penans worship Bungan, a supreme god.

Today, a great number of Penans have opted to settle down in longhouses, leaving their nomadic lifestyle behind. Many have also converted to Christianity. They still create beautiful woven baskets and mats which they use to trade with outsiders for a number of essential items including salt, cloth and tobacco. Their staple diet, like the Melanaus, is the sago, supplemented with various wild fruits, roots and greens.

15-12-2008 砂拉越文化村的表演艺人（Iban Warrior 伊班勇士）2